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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1903 |
| | Erskine Childers has a best-seller in The Riddle of the Sands, a thriller about a planned German invasion of Britain | |
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| 1903 |
| | King Alexander and Queen Draga of Serbia are murdered in their palace by army officers | |
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| 1903 |
| | In a paper to a congress in Madrid, on the 'psychology and psychopathology of animals', Ivan Pavlov announces his discovery of the conditioned reflex | |
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| 1903 |
| | Henry James publishes The Ambassadors, the second of his three last novels written in rapid succession | |
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| 1903 |
| | Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy identify the phenomenon of radioactive half-life | |
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| 1903 |
| | Edward VII, the first British monarch to travel to India, holds a great coronation durbar in Delhi | |
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| 1903 |
| | Roger Casement, British consul in the Congo Free State, discovers appalling abuses by Belgian companies | |
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| 1903 |
| | Edwin S. Porter directs The Great Train Robbery, providing a big commercial success for Thomas Edison's film company | |
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| 1903 |
| | Giuseppe Sarto is elected pope and takes the name Pius X | |
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| 1903 |
| | British philosopher G.E. Moore publishes Principia Ethica, an attempt to apply logic to ethics | |
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| 1903 |
| | A US warship appears off the coast of Panama in support of rebels declaring an independent republic | |
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| 1903 |
| | Maurice Ravel sets to music romantic oriental poems by Tristan Klingsor in his song-cycle Shéhérazade | |
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| 1903 |
| | The Colombian government rejects the Hay-Herrán treaty with the US on the Panama canal, thus prompting the break-away of Panama | |
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| 1903 |
| | William Harley and three Davidson brothers begin the commercial production in Milwaukee of motorcycles, but complete only three by the end of the year | |
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| 1903 |
| | US author W.E.B. Du Bois publishes his first collection of essays, The Souls of Black Folk | |
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| 1903 |
| | Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven invents the galvanometer, or electrocardiograph, for recording the electrical impulses within the heart muscle | |
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| 1903 |
| | The Pit, the second volume of an uncompleted trilogy by US novelist Frank Norris, is published posthumously | |
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| 1903 |
| | The first World Series is played between nine leading baseball teams from the National League and the American League | |
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| 1903 |
| | Britain's first national motor show is organized at the Crystal Palace, moving two years later to Olympia | |
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| 1903 |
| | Charles Rennie Mackintosh completes the Willow Tea Rooms in Glasgow for Miss Cranston | |
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| 1903 |
| | The USA is granted exclusive control in perpetuity of a ten-mile corridor across Panama, suitable for a canal | |
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| 1903 |
| | Italian tenor Enrico Caruso makes his US debut at the New York Metropolitan Opera | |
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| 1903 |
| | Work begins on England's first garden city, at Letchworth, based on the theories of Ebenezer Howard | |
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| 1903 |
| | Orville Wright travels 40 yards in the first successful powered flight, at Kitty Hawk in North Carolina | |
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| 1903 |
| | The annual Prix Goncourt is established in France, in accordance with the will of Edmond de Goncourt | |
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| 1904 |
| | Charles Rolls and Henry Royce meet in a historic encounter in Manchester and launch their first car, the Rolls-Royde 10 hp, later in this same year. | |
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| 1904 |
| | Anton Chekhov's last play, The Cherry Orchard, is staged by Stanislavsky just a few months before the author's death | |
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| 1904 |
| | Leos Janacek's opera Jenufa, based on a play by Gabriela Preissová, has its premiere in Brno | |
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| 1904 |
| | Finnish architect Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen wins the competition to build Helsinki's railway station | |
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| 1904 |
| | J.M. Synge's play Riders to the Sea has its premiere at the Molesworth Hall in Dublin | |
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| 1904 |
| | A violent uprising by Herrero warriors in South West Africa targets male Germans of military age | |
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| 1904 |
| | Giacomo Puccini's opera Madama Butterfly falls victim at La Scala to claques paid for by rivals | |
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| 1904 |
| | A surprise Japanese attack on Russian warships in Port Arthur launches the Russo-Japanese War for influence in the Far East | |
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